Nieuwolda Member

NUPENI

Formal (Ebbing 2003).

Grey to brownish black or black clay (red where exposed), (very) firm, silty or sandy, commonly highly calcareous and micaceous, sporadic in situ shells. Climbing ripples, slump structures.

Ice-marginal lacustrine, glaciomarine with clear water.

Sharp contact with fluvial sand (Appelscha and Peize Formations;, Veenhuizen Member, Urk Formation) and, where deeply incised, with shallow-marine pre-Quaternary units.

Locally exposed at the surface. Elsewhere, sharp contact with fluvial sand (Tynje Member, Urk Formation), glacial sand and till (Drente Formation), marine sand and clay (Eem Formation), periglacial sand (Drachten and Boxtel Formations), tidal sand and clay (Naaldwijk Formation) or modern marine sand (Southern Bight Formation).

Highly variable. Up to 400 m in filled glacial valleys.

Elongate valley fills, mainly north-south, in the northern Netherlands and the northern half of Dutch North Sea.

North Sea: upper part of the Swarte Bank Formation (defined and mapped in conjunction with the British Geological Survey; Cameron et al. 1986); UK: part of the Lowestoft Formation (McMillan et al. 2011); GER: Lauenburger Ton (Kuster & Meyer 1979); BEL: not present.

Middle Pleistocene (Elsterian).

Named after a village in the northeastern Netherlands.

Potclay Formation (Van der Heide & Zagwijn 1967).

Wim Dubelaar (2018), Sytze van Heteren (2019).

Cameron, T.D.J., Laban, C., Mesdag, C.M. & Schüttenhelm, R.T.E. 1986. Indefatigable, Sheet 53°N/02°E. Quaternary Geology, 1 : 250 000 Series, British Geological Survey and Geological Survey of the Netherlands.

Ebbing, J.H.J. 2003. Beschrijving lithostratigrafische eenheid. Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO. Utrecht.

Kuster, H., Meyer, K.D. 1979. Glaziäre Rinnen im mittleren und nord-ostlichen Niedersachsen. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart 29, 135-156.