Breda Formation

NUBR

Formal (Doppert et al. 1975). Amended (NAM & RGD 1980; Van Adrichem Boogaert & Kouwe 1997; Westerhoff 2003).

Greyish to blackish green very fine to medium sand, silty, (very) glauconitic, calcareous, and locally micaceous or organic. Clay, very sandy to moderately silty. Intercalated sand and clay with goethite and phosphorite concretions. Dominance of foresets and bottom sets.

Warm shallow marine, delta front, coastal (slightly glauconitic sand or bleached quartz sand) and continental (sand with intercalated lignite) near the unit’s margins.

Base may consist of clay with glauconite enrichment. Gradual, unconformable transition into less glauconitic shallow-marine and coastal sand and clay (Veldhoven Formation). Sharp, unconformable contact with marine clay (Boom Member, Rupel Formation or even older units).

Generally gradual transition into less glauconitic, commonly shell-rich near-coastal marine sand and clay (Oosterhout Formation); sharp in case of shelly crags. In the southeastern Netherlands, sharp and erosive contacts with partly intercalated coarser terrestrial sand deposited near the coastline (Ville, Inden and Kieseloolite formations and German Köln Formation).

Locally more than 700 m.

In the northeastern Netherlands, the upper part of the unit grades laterally into nearshore to terrestrial sand and clay (Peize and Waalre formations). In the southeastern Netherlands, it grades laterally into the paralic Ville, Inden, Kieseloolite and Köln formations.

North Sea: Brielle Ground Formation (Laban 1995; defined and mapped in conjunction with the British and Belgian Geological Surveys); UK: not present; GER: upper part of paralic Inden, Ville and Köln Formation and the Kieseloolite Formation ; BEL: Diest, Berchem and Bolderberg Formations (Wouters & Vandenberghe 1994).

late Oligocene - early Pliocene.

Named after the city of Breda, southeast of Rotterdam in the southern Netherlands.

Includes very glauconitic deposits formerly part of the Oosterhout Formation (Doppert et al. 1975), the clastic part of the former Heksenberg Formation (cf. Kuyl 1975), the lower part of the former Scheemda Formation in the northeastern Netherlands (cf. Doppert et al. 1975), and the Haps, Oploo and Overloon Sands.

Dirk Munsterman (2018), Sytze van Heteren (2019).

Doppert, J.W.Chr., Ruegg, G.H.J., Van Staalduinen, C.J., Zagwijn, W.H., Zandstra, J.G. 1975. Formaties van het Kwartair en Boven-Tertiair in Nederland. In: Zagwijn, W.H., Van Staalduinen, C.J. (eds.): Toelichting bij geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland. Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem, 11-56.

Kuyl, O.S. 1975. Lithostratigrafie van de Mio-Oligocene afzettingen in Zuid-Limburg. In: Zagwijn, W.H., Van Staalduinen, C.J. (eds.), Toelichting bij geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland. Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem, 56-63.

Laban, C. 1995. The Pleistocene glaciations in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. A synthesis of sedimentary and seismic data. PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam, 194 p.

NAM & RGD 1980. Stratigraphic nomenclature of The Netherlands. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap 32, 77 p.

Van Adrichem Boogaert, H.A. & Kouwe, W.F.P. 1997. Stratigraphic nomenclature of The Netherlands, revision and update by RGD and NOGEPA, Section I, Tertiary. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 50, 1-39.

Van den Bosch, M., Cadée, M.C., Janssen, A.W. 1975. Lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical subdivision of Tertiary deposits (Oligocene - Pliocene) in the Winterswijk - Almelo region (eastern part of the Netherlands). Scripta Geologica, 29, 1-167.

Westerhoff, W.E. 2003. Beschrijving lithostratigrafische eenheid. Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO. Utrecht.

Wouters, L., Vandenberghe, N. 1994. De Geologie van de Kempen: een synthese. NIRAS, NIROND 94-11, 208 p.