Gieten Member

NUDRGI

Formal (Bakker et al. 2003).

Diamict: greyish blue to brownish grey clay and loam, very sandy to very silty, gravelly (up to boulder size).

Subglacial. Gravel has Scandinavian origin.

Sharp, unconformable contact with (gravelly) coarse fluvial sand.

Commonly exposed at the surface.

Up to 10 m.

Northern Netherlands, northern and central part of the Dutch North Sea.

North Sea: Borkum Riff Formation (defined and mapped in conjunction with the British Geological Survey; Laban 1995)); UK: part of the Wolston Glacigenic Formation (McMillan et al. 2011); GER: similar deposits in the Lower Rhine Embayment are classified as 'Grundmoräne' (Klostermann 1992; Braun & Thiermann 1981).

late Middle Pleistocene (Saalian).

Named after the village of Gieten, in the northeastern Netherlands.

Borkum Riff Formation.

Wim Dubelaar (2018), Sytze van Heteren (2019).

Bakker, M.A.J., Den Otter, C. Weerts, H.J.T. 2003. Beschrijving lithostratigrafische eenheid. Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO. Utrecht.

Braun, F.J., Thiermann, A. 1981. Geologische Karte von Nordrhein-Westfalen 1:25.000. Erläuterungen zu Blatt 4130 Emmerich. Geologisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Krefeld.

Klostermann, J. 1992. Das Quartär der Niederrheinischen Bucht. Geologisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Krefeld, 200 p.

Laban, C. 1995. The Pleistocene glaciations in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. A synthesis of sedimentary and seismic data. PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam, 194 p.

McMillan, A.A., Hamblin, R.J.O., Merritt, J.W. 2011. A lithostratigraphical framework for onshore Quaternary and Neogene (Tertiary) superficial deposits of Great Britain and the Isle of Man. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/10/03, 343 p.